Eugene francois suter



May 22, 1923.

E. F. SUTER Filed Sept. 19,

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Inventor Flgwh a. 9. Mm

y Q;.W

Patented May 22, 1923.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EUGENE FRANCOIS SUTEB, 01 LONDON, ENGLAND.

Application filed September 19, 1922. Serial No. 589,180.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EUeisNE FRANgois SUTER, a citizen of the Swiss Republic, residing at 23 Grafton Street, Lon on, W. 1,

5 England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements Relating to Electric Heating Apparatus for Waving or Curling the Hair, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to electric heating apparatus adapted for use in the waving or curling of hair by the process known as permanent waving. For this purpose heaters are usually provided comprising a substantially cylindrical casing of annular cross section in which the electric heating wires are contained and such heaters are adapted to be applied around a covering of paper or like material within which the coil of hair to be treated is enclosed.

In the use of heaters of the kind to which the invention relates, it is found that the existence of the inner metallic wall of the casing of the heater detracts from the effective operation of the heater by reason of the heat which is absorbed thereby and also conducted to other parts of the apparatus.

The invention has for its object to provide an improved construction of such heaters by which the heat may be more eifectively applied and the process accordingly carried out more rapidly and at less expense.

According to the invention the heater is so constructed that the body of metal disposed between the electrical heating elements and the hair to be treated is reduced or entirely removed so that the disadvantage which attends the use of the inner metallic 40 lining of the casing is to a great extent or entirely avoided.

The construction of the heater according to the invention may be carried out in various ways. Thus the usual construction may 46 be modified by replacing the inner metallic wall of the casing by a tube in which are formed a number of slots, either longitudinal or transverse or of any other suitable disposition, the heating elements being so 50 mounted as to be maintained suitably distant from the metal tube or separated therefrom by a lining of mica or other suitable insulating medium which will permit the ready transmission of the heat.

Again in place of a tube the inner wall of the casing may be provided in the form of a metal network or as a tube of gauze.

According to a modification the inner metallic wall of the casing may be entirely omitted and replaced by a tube of mica or of sheets thereof maintained in tubular disposition by means of suitable retaining devices such as clips or rings fitted within the bore of the casing.

In such a heater the heating wires or elements may be mounted in any suitable manner. They may for example be carried upon the inner face of a cylindrical body of porcelain or refractory material and be retained in position thereon by suitable studs or pins to which the ends or intermediate points in the resistance wire may be secured. F or convenience in construction the said body may be provided in two or more parts of annular or cylindrical form or again it may be provided in a number of parts meeting along planes which are radial to the axis of the bore of the heater and such parts may be maintained in their respective positions by a suitable construction of the metallic casing of the heater or by the addition of'retaining elements. Again the resistance wires or elements may be maintained within passages or borings formed in a body of porcelain ware or other refractory material and the inner face of such body may serve as the inner wall of the heater.

In the use of such a construction the paper covering applied to the hair may be replaced by a covering of mica or other suitable material, such as fibre, which may be lined with paper or like material or fitted with a sleeve or washer of paper or like material at the end which is applied to and tied at the roots of the coil of hair under treatment so that the paper or likematerial is compressed thereon.

It will be understood that the invention is not limited to any particular construction or shape of heater. Thus it is equally applican.

cable to heaters of standard length or to heaters formed in sections or of short length, also the form and arrangement of the elec tric resistance wires ol eleinents. and the manner in which they are mounted and adapted to receive current may be varied without departing from the invention. Again the casing of the heater may be of any suitable material such as metal, fibre. ebonite, or a composition. By the construction of the heater accordingto the invention the resistance wires or elements need not be heated to an intense degree in order to secure an effective result and thus the heat-er may be maintained at a temperature which will permit itto be handled readily and will not be destructive of the casing.

The application of the invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying diagrammatic drawings.

Figure l is an elevation showing two sections of a construction of heater-in which an openworlr metal lining to the casing is provided.

Figure 2 is an elevation showing two sections of a modified construction of heater in which no metal lining to the casing is provided.

Figure 8 is an elevation showing two sections of a further modification of the heater in which the electric resistance wire is carried by bodies of refractory material and no metallic lining to the casing" is provided.

Figure l is a detail end view of one of the bodies of refractory material used in heater shown in Figure 3.

In carrying the invention into efiect in accordance with the construction illustrated in Figure 1, the heater comprises two sections of short length suitably disposed within a containing casin The said casing is conveniently constructed as three rings a, 5, c of aluminium, the rings a and 6 being connected, according to the invention, by means of a tubular metallic lining (Z which is perforated with a large number of holes d of suitable area for the purpose of reducing the mass of the metal. The ring 0 similarly has secured to it a metallic lining 6 with holes 6 The rings Z) and c are fixedly secured together by means of metallic tubes 7' while similarly the ring a is tired by means of tubes 9' to an annular casing h of ebonite or like material within which are disposed the necessary switches operated by keys A if for controlling the passage of current to the two sections of the heater.

(lovers 2' j of aluminium or other suitable material are provided to be mounted upon the rings a, i) and c for the purpose of enclosing the resistance wires of the sections of the heater. In the construction illustrated each section of the heater is built up of an inner layer 7: of mica wrapped around the tubular lining d or c having wound men it the resistance wire 70, the coils of which are suitably separated from each other as by means of cement. An outer layer 15 oi mica encloses the windings and is retained in place by means of a fastening wire k The necessary leads to the resistance wire are carried from the casing 72, by w.y of glass tubes if disposed within the tubes f and g.

in carrying the invention into effect as illustrated in Figure 2, the metallic lining to the casing is omitted and the inner layers 0t mica supporting the resistance wires of the sections of the heater are mounted upon flanges (4 b upon the rings a, I), which are distanced from each other by means of screws or pins a while for the outer section of the heater the layer of mica iu is supported upon a flange c of the ring 0 and a flange Z of a ring Z distanced from the ring 6 by means of pins or screws l By such a construction the resistance wires are only separated from the bore of the casing; by the single layer of the mica.

in the heater represented in Figure 3 the construction of the parts of the casing is substantially the same as that illustrated in Figure 2. The resistance wires m of the sec tions of the heater are, however, supported upon the interior of an annular or cylindrical carrier of refractory material formed by two bodies n meeting upon a diametrical plane. Each of the bodies n is formed (Figure 4.) upon its inner surface with a number of deep longitudinal grooves 12 while in the end faces other deep grooves n are formed in such manner as to communh cats with the grooves m The resistance wires mare laid within the grooves 92 n in such manner as to be supported in position and the extremities of the wire are led through holes 91 for connection one to the other or to leads by which the current is supplied.

ll claim:

1. Electrical heating apparatus for waving or curling hair, comprising electrical heating elements and an enclosing casing therefor, said casing having a. bore within which is received the hair to be treated, said bore being bounded by an openworlr metallic lining.

2. Electrical heating apparatus for warn ing or curling hair, comprising electrical heating elements and an enclosing casing therefor, said casing having a bore within which is received the hair to be treated, and the said electrical heating elements being mounted within the casing so as to be directly exposed to the bore.

3. In an electrical heating apparatus for waving or curling hair, the combination of an electric heater comprising electrical heatingelements and an enclosing casing therefor, the said heating elements being mounted so as to be directly exposed in the direction of the hair to be treated, with a covering for the hair of insulating material permitting the transmission of heat.

4. In an electric heating apparatus for waving or curling hair, the combination of an electric heater comprising heating elemerits anci an enclosing casing therefor, a

wall comprising insulating material Within the casing to form a, bore for the reception m of the hair to be treated, the said heating elements being mounted on the wall so as to expose the same to the bore of the heater.

EUGENE FRANCOIS SUTER. 

